पाठक्रमः → Level 4 · कालत्रयम् → पाठः 19
Level 4 · Lesson 19 यदा–तदा, यदि–तर्हि
When and if: paired connectors
“यदा … तदा” “यदि … तर्हि” इति युग्मैः वाक्ययोजना।
Join clauses with यदा…तदा (when…then) and यदि…तर्हि (if…then).
श्रवणम् · Listen
वर्षाकालः
Friend, shall we go to the riverbank tomorrow?
If it doesn't rain, we'll certainly go.
And if it rains, what will we two do?
Then come to my place. When it rains, I read stories at home.
Nice! And when I come, will you also give me something to eat?
Ha! Whenever you come, you always end up eating!
विवरणम् · Explanation
“यदा … तदा …” कालं योजयति — “यदा वर्षा भवति तदा गृहे तिष्ठामि”। “यदि … तर्हि …” शर्तं वदति — “यदि समयः अस्ति तर्हि आगच्छ”। यदा-वाक्ये यदि-वाक्ये च द्वे क्रिये भवतः।
यदा…तदा links times: when X happens, then Y happens. यदि…तर्हि links conditions: if X, then Y. Each half is a small complete sentence with its own verb — Sanskrit insists on both halves, so don't drop the तदा/तर्हि as English drops ‹then›.
भविष्यत्-शर्तेषु उभयत्र लृट् — “यदि वर्षा भविष्यति तर्हि न गमिष्यामि”। सामान्यनियमेषु लट् — “यदा सूर्यः उदेति तदा अहम् उत्तिष्ठामि”।
For future conditions, use the future in both halves: यदि वर्षा भविष्यति तर्हि न गमिष्यामि — if it rains (will rain), I won't go. For general habits, plain present in both: यदा सूर्यः उदेति तदा उत्तिष्ठामि — when the sun rises, I get up.
शब्दाः · Vocabulary
| शब्दः | Meaning |
|---|---|
| यदा | when (relative) |
| तदा | then, at that time |
| यदि | if |
| तर्हि | then, in that case |
| वर्षा | rain |
| छत्रम् | umbrella |
अभ्यासः · Practice
वाक्यव्यवहारः · Use it
चत्वारि वाक्यानि रचयतु — द्वे “यदा … तदा …” (स्वदिनचर्यायाः), द्वे “यदि … तर्हि …” (श्वस्तनयोजनायाः, लृट्-प्रयोगेण)।
Produce four sentences: two यदा…तदा lines about your routine (present tense), and two यदि…तर्हि lines about tomorrow's plans (future in both halves).