पाठक्रमः → Level 6 · प्रवाहः → पाठः 4
Level 6 · Lesson 4 लोकोक्तयः
Proverbs of the people
पञ्च प्रसिद्धाः लोकोक्तयः — अर्थः प्रयोगश्च।
Five classic Sanskrit proverbs: what they mean and when to drop them.
श्रवणम् · Listen
पितामही नप्ता च
Child, you've played for three hours. Do you know the proverb ‘avoid excess in everything’?
I know it, grandma. But today there was a match!
Fine. Exam tomorrow, games today — ‘when ruin nears, judgment turns perverse’!
Grandma, you speak in nothing but proverbs!
Yes. A proverb holds the essence of a hundred sentences. Now, will you study?
…
Silence means consent! Go and study.
विवरणम् · Explanation
लोकोक्तिः इति लोकस्य उक्तिः — जनानां मुखे प्रचलितं सूक्तम्। पञ्च प्रसिद्धाः — १. अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत्। २. विनाशकाले विपरीतबुद्धिः। ३. यथा राजा तथा प्रजा। ४. मौनं सम्मतिलक्षणम्। ५. वीरभोग्या वसुन्धरा।
A लोकोक्तिः is a ‘saying of the people’ — short, sharp, and ready-made for conversation. Today's five: (1) avoid excess everywhere; (2) when ruin approaches, the mind turns contrary — said when someone makes a disastrous choice; (3) as the king, so the people — leaders set the tone; (4) silence is the mark of consent; (5) the earth belongs to the brave — fortune favours the bold.
लोकोक्तेः प्रयोगः सरलः — योग्ये क्षणे केवलं तां वदतु, विवरणं मास्तु। “अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत्” इति उक्ते सर्वं स्पष्टम्!
The art of using a proverb is timing: drop it at the right moment and add nothing. Said well, अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत् needs no commentary.
शब्दाः · Vocabulary
| शब्दः | Meaning | टिप्पणी · Note |
|---|---|---|
| लोकोक्तिः | proverb | लोक + उक्ति — folk saying |
| अति | excess, too much | |
| वर्जयेत् | one should avoid | विधिलिङ् of वर्जयति |
| विनाशकाले | at the time of ruin | |
| विपरीत | contrary, perverse | |
| मौनम् | silence | |
| सम्मतिलक्षणम् | the sign of consent | |
| वसुन्धरा | the earth |
अभ्यासः · Practice
वाक्यव्यवहारः · Use it
स्वजीवनस्य त्रीणि वृत्तानि स्मरतु, प्रत्येकस्मै एकां योग्यां लोकोक्तिं योजयतु। एवं वदतु — “मम मित्रं … अकरोत्। तदा अहम् अवदम् — अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत् इति।”
Recall three real episodes from your life and pair each with the right proverb. Narrate them aloud: ‘My friend did such-and-such, so I said — अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत्!’ A proverb earned by a story is a proverb remembered.