पाठक्रमः → Level 2 · दिनचर्या → पाठः 2
Level 2 · Lesson 2 सः पठति, ते पठन्ति
He, they two, they all — third person forms
एकः, द्वौ, बहवः — “-ति, -तः, -अन्ति” इति रूपाणि।
Talk about one, two, or many people doing things.
श्रवणम् · Listen
उद्याने के किं कुर्वन्ति?
What does your brother do?
He gets up early, bathes, and goes to school.
What are the boys doing there?
They are playing and laughing.
What are those two boys doing?
Those two are reading a book.
Are the girls singing?
Yes, they are singing sweetly.
विवरणम् · Explanation
एकः जनः — “सः पठति”। द्वौ जनौ — “तौ पठतः”। बहवः जनाः — “ते पठन्ति”। स्त्रीषु — सा, ते (द्वे), ताः।
Sanskrit verbs mark how many people act. One: सः पठति (-ति). Two: तौ पठतः (-तः). Many: ते पठन्ति (-अन्ति). Feminine pronouns follow suit: सा (she), ताः (those women). The nouns change too: बालकः, बालकौ, बालकाः.
“च” इति “and” — शब्दानाम् अनन्तरम् आगच्छति: “ते क्रीडन्ति, हसन्ति च।”
The word च “and” comes after what it joins, not before: क्रीडन्ति हसन्ति च “they play and laugh”. Keep it at the end of the second item.
शब्दाः · Vocabulary
| शब्दः | Meaning | टिप्पणी · Note |
|---|---|---|
| पठति / पठतः / पठन्ति | reads / two read / many read | |
| गच्छति / गच्छतः / गच्छन्ति | goes / two go / many go | |
| करोति / कुरुतः / कुर्वन्ति | does / two do / many do | कृ changes shape — learn as a set |
| तौ | those two (m.) | |
| ते | they (m.) | |
| ताः | they (f.) | |
| बालकः / बालकौ / बालकाः | boy / two boys / boys | |
| हसति | laughs | |
| च | and |
अभ्यासः · Practice
वाक्यव्यवहारः · Use it
अधुना भवान्/भवती कुटुम्बस्य विषये षट् वाक्यानि वदतु — एकं “सः …ति”, एकं “सा …ति”, एकं “तौ …तः”, त्रीणि “ते/ताः …अन्ति” इति।
Describe your family or friends in six sentences: what one person does (-ति), what a pair does (-तः), and what the whole group does (-अन्ति). Watch the noun endings shift along with the verbs.